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| 1839 |
| | British troops invade China after the Chinese authorities seize and destroy the opium stocks of British merchants in Canton | |
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| 1839 |
| | British forces capture Hong Kong, which is subsequently ceded to Britain by China at the end of the first Opium War in 1842 | |
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| 1842 |
| | The British abandon Kabul, losing most of the garrison force in the withdrawal to India and bringing to an end the first Anglo-Afghan war | |
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| 1842 |
| | The First Opium War ends with the island of Hong Kong, and extensive new trading rights, ceded to Britain in the Treaty of Nanking | |
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| 1845 |
| | The first Anglo-Sikh war breaks out between Sikh forces in the Punjab and encroaching forces of Britain's East India Company | |
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| 1846 |
| | The first Anglo-Sikh war ends with the Treaty of Lahore, by which Jammu and Kashmir are ceded to the British | |
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| 1846 |
| | President Polk sends a US army into Texas, provoking the Mexican-American War | |
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| 1848 |
| | A treaty signed in Guadalupe-Hidalgo, ending the Mexican-American War, gives the US six new states | |
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| 1848 |
| | The second Anglo-Sikh war begins when a British army invades the Punjab to suppress a local uprising | |
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| 1849 |
| | A British victory at the Battle of Gujarat effectively ends the second Anglo-Sikh war, and is followed by annexation of the Punjab | |
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